Short answer
Hotels normally register foreign guests with the public-security authorities as part of check-in. If you stay with friends, relatives or a private host, Article 39 of the Exit and Entry Administration Law of the People's Republic of China requires the foreigner or the host to register with the public security organ in the place of residence within 24 hours after check-in. The National Immigration Administration has provided online registration channels in some areas, but actual availability must be confirmed with the local authority. Keep your passport and entry record available and do not assume an online accommodation booking replaces registration.
Staying in a hotel
Bring the original passport. The property records the identity information required for foreign-guest registration and should return the document after check-in. If a booking site does not clearly say it accepts foreign passports, confirm before paying.
Staying with friends or a private host
Under Article 39 of the Exit and Entry Administration Law of the People's Republic of China, the foreigner or the host must register with the public security organ in the place of residence within 24 hours after check-in. Bring your passport, the accommodation address and the check-in date. The National Immigration Administration has provided online registration channels in some areas, but confirm actual availability with the local public security authority; the availability of an online channel does not extend the statutory 24-hour deadline.
If you move hotels
Each property may record the new address. Keep the previous booking and new check-in information available in case an authority or transport booking asks for your current address.
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Where these matter
Official sources
Policies and booking channels change — check the official channel before you rely on it.